What is genome stability?
Genome stability is a feature of every organism to preserve and faithfully transmit the genetic material from generation to generation or from one somatic cell to another.
Why genome stability is important?
The efficient maintenance of genomic stability is central to all life. In order to protect and maintain the genome, cells possess a complex network of surveillance and repair pathways to confront DNA damage directly.
What is Genome instability?
• Genomic instability in the form of mutations and chromosome rearrangements is usually associated with pathological disorders, and yet it is also crucial for evolution.
• The sources of genome instability have only recently begun to be elucidated. A high frequency of externally caused DNA damage can be one source of genome instability since DNA damages can cause inaccurate translation synthesis past the damages or errors in repair, leading to mutation.
Genome Stability
• Cells have evolved several response systems to tackle numerous DNA lesions in order to maintain their genome integrity.
• Among them, checkpoint control is probably the most well-known one. • For example, checkpoint responds to replication stress, replication fork stalling, double-strand DNA breaks, and various other types of DNA lesions.
Genome stability is a complex trait
• We consider genome stability as a trait with a complex genetic basis which requires a tight coordination of a complex network of signaling pathways.
• Molecular processes underlying genome stability include DNA damage sensors, DNA repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints.
• A major structural feature of genome stability is heterochromatin, a specialized type of chromatin that maintains repetitive DNA in a silent state.
• Heterochromatin is particularly important at telomeres and centromeres to stabilize chromosomes and maintain proper segregation .
Genome instability What is the genome Instability ? • Commonly,
❖ Genetic alterations
❖ Increased rates
❖ Nucleotides to Chromosomes
Depending on level of disruption,
1. Nucleotide instability
2. Microsatellite instability
3. Chromosomal instability (Prominent form)
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